हिंदीतील बाँडपटाचा इतिहास

hoa{JardaÀ`m {MÌnQ>m§Mm ~mob~mbm OJmV Zoh_rM am{hbm Amho. nydunmgyZM Ë`mMr H«o$P hmoVr. hm°{bdyS>Mo ~m±S>nQ> Va AmOhr {VVŠ`mM AmdS>rZo nm{hbo OmVmV. nS>ÚmdaMm hoa H$gm Agmdm `mMm dñVwnmR>M hm°{bdyS>Mo {X½JO H$bmH$ma em°Z H$m°Zar `m§Zr KmbyZ {Xbm. ~m°{bdyS>_Ü`o XoIrb ~m±S>gÑí` {MÌnQ>m§Mr na§nam am{hbr. nydu Amnë`mH$S>Mo hoa eoOmarb XoemMo ZmnmH$ BamXo _moSy>Z H$mT>Ê`mMo H$m_ H$aV AgV. H$mbm§VamZo EImÚm IyZmMm emoY bmdUo, gaH$ma{damoYmVrb H$mañWmZ CKS>H$sg AmUUo ho H$m_ nS>ÚmdaÀ`m hoamH$Sy>Z hmoD$ bmJbo. Y_]X« `m§Mm Am±Io `mM loUrVrb Amho. gm§Jmm`Mo VmËn`© åhUOo emhéI ImZZo nR>mU_Ü`o hoamMr ^y{_H$m gmH$mabr Am{U Vr àojH$m§Zr CMbyZ Yabr. hoa{Jarda ~oVboë`m H$WmZH$mda {MÌnQ> V`ma H$aÊ`mMr ~m°{bdyS>bm gw_mao ghm XeH$m§Mr na§nam am{hbr Amho. XodAmZ§X `m§Mohr {MÌnQ> bmoH$m§À`m ng§Vrg nS>bo. ahñ`_` Jmoï>rMm CbJS>m H$aUmam hoa hm bmoH$m§Zm IynM ^mdbm.
Xod AmZ§X (grAm`S>r 1956)
A{^ZoVm Jwé XÎm `m§Zr AZoH$ {MÌnQ>mV g§ñ_aUr` ^y{_H$m gmH$maë`m. VgoM AÝ` H$bmH$mam§Zm gmo~V KoD$Z Ë`m§Zr {MÌnQ>m§Mr {Z{_©Vrhr Ho$br. JwéXÎm `m§Zr grAm`S>rMr {Z{_©Vr Ho$br Am{U Ë`mV XodAmZ§X `m§Mr à_wI ^y{_H$m hmoVr. {X½Xe©Z amO Imogbm hmoVo. `m {MÌnQ>mV Xod AmZ§X `m§Mr grAm`S>r A{YH$mè`mMr ^y{_H$m homVr. Vo EH$m hË`màH$aUmMm Vnmg H$aVmZm XmI{dbo Amho. Xod AmZ§X~amo~aM eH$sbm Am{U d{hXm aoh_mZ {MÌnQ>mV AmhoV. hm {MÌnQ> 2 Zmoìh|~a 1956 amoOr àX{e©V Pmbm.
Y_]Ð : Am§Io (1968) : am_mZ§X gmJa `m§À`m0 Am§Io {MÌnQ>mV Y_]Ð `m§Zr Xoe^º$ hoamMr ^y{_H$m gmH$mabr. `m {MÌnQ>mV Xoe{dKmVH$ H$madm`m H$aUmè`m Q>moirMm ^m§S>m\$moS> hmoVmoo. `m {MÌnQ>mV Y_}§Ð `m§À`m{edm` _mbm {gÝhm, _oh_yX, Hw$_Hw$_ Am{U gwOrV Hw$_ma `m§Mr ^y{_H$m Amho. JrVaMZm gm{ha bw{Y`mZdr `m§mMr Va g§JrV adr `m§Mo hmoVo. {MÌnQ>mVrb gd© JmUo gwnaSy>na hrQ> R>abo. {defV: {_bVr ho qOXJr _|…. `m {MÌnQ>mgmR>r am_mZ§X gmJa `m§Zm gdm}Îm_ {X½Xe©ZmMm {\$ë\$_oAa nwañH$ma {_imbm. hm {MÌnQ> 1 OmZodmar 1968 amoOr àX{e©V Pmbm.
{OV|Ð: \$O© (1967) : a{dH$m§V ZJmB©M `m§À`m {X½Xe©ZmImbr V`ma Pmbobm {MÌnQ> “\$O©’ _Ü`o {OV|Ð `mZo JwáMamMr ^y{_H$m Ho$br. hm EO§Q> Amnë`m {_ÌmÀ`m IyZmMo ahñ` CKS> H$aVmo. {MÌnQ>mÀ`m `em~amo~aM {OV|Ð `m§À`m Z¥Ë` e¡brZo bmoH${à`Vm {_idbr. {OV|Ð ho O§qnJ O°H$ ZmdmZo à{gÕ Pmbo. 6 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1967 amoOr àX{e©©V Pmboë`m {MÌnQ>mZo {OV|Ð `m§Mr ñQ>maS>_H$S>o dmQ>Mmb gwê$ Pmbr.
XodAmZ§X : Ádob {W\$ (1967): EH$m {hè`mÀ`m A§JR>r Mmoar àH$aUm^modVr {\$aUmam Ádob {W\$ {MÌnQ> 27 AmŠQ>mo~a 1967 amoOr àX{e©V Pmbm. `m {MÌnQ>mMr {Z{_©Vr ñdV: XodAmZ§X `m§Zr àm°S>ŠeZ hmD$g ZdHo$VZ {\$ë_ ~°ZaÀ`m ZmdmImbr Ho$br. {MÌnQ>mMo {X½Xe©Z Ë`m§Mo ~§Yy {dO` AmZ§X `m§Zr Ho$bo. Xod AmZ§X `m§À`mì`[V[aº$ AemoH$ Hw$_ma, d¡O`§Vr_mbm, VZyOm `m§Mr à_wI ^y{_H$m hmoVr. d¡O`§Vr_mbm `m§À`m ^y{_Ho$gmR>r gwadmVrbm gm`am ~mZmo `m§À`mer g§nH©$ H$aÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm. na§Vw {Xbrn Hw$_ma `m§À`mer {ddmh Ho$ë`mZo gm`am ~mZmo `m§Zr H$m_ H$aÊ`mg ZH$ma {Xbm.
Xod AmZ§X : Om°Zr _oam Zm_ (1970): Om°Zr _oam Zm_ hm {MÌnQ> VËH$m{bZ H$mimV hoa{JardaMm bmoH${à` {MÌnQ> R>abm. `m {MÌnQ>mVrb JmUrhr {hQ> R>abr Am{U Vr AmOhr bmoH${à` AmhoV. XodAmZ§X `m§Zr grAm`S>r A{YH$mè`mMr ^y{_H$m ~Omdbr Amho. Vo doe^yfm ~XbyZ àH$aUmMm N>S>m bmdVmV. {Z_m©Vm åhUyZ JwbeZ am` `m§Mm n{hbm {MÌnQ> A[U Ë`mMo {X½Xe©Z {dO` AmZ§X `m§Zr Ho$bo. 11 Zmoìh|~a 1970 _Ü`o àX{e©V Pmboë`m {MÌnQ>mV XodAmZ§X ì`{V[aº$ ho_m _m{bZr Am{U àmU `m§Mr à_wI ^y{_H$m hmoVr.
amOH$nya : XmoZ Omgyg (1975): Xmo Omgyg `m {MÌnQ>mV amOH$nya Am{U amO|Ð Hw$_ma `m§Zr Ya_M§X Am{U H$a_M§X ZmdmÀ`m hoamMr ^y{_H$m gmH$mabr. ho XmoÝhr hoa H$moQ>çmYre ~mnmÀ`m ~onÎmm _wbrMm emoY KoV VñH$ar H$aUmè`m Q>moirMm emoY bmdÊ`mV `eñdr R>aVmV. `m {MÌnQ>mV AéUm BamUr, ào_ Mmoàm, \$[aXm Obmb `m§À`m à_wI ^y{_H$m AmhoV. Jm`H$ e¡b|Ð qgh `m§Zr XoIrb _hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m Ho$br. g§J_ {MÌnQ>mZ§Va amO|Ð Hw$_ma Am{U amO H$nya ho àW_M EH$Ì Ambo. 6 OyZ 1975 amoOr àX{e©V Pmboë`m {MÌnQ>mMo {X½Xe©Z ZaoeHw$_ma `m§Zr Ho$bo hmoVo.
A{_Vm^ ~ƒZ : X J«oQ> J°å~ba (1979): X J«ooQ> J°å~ba `m {MÌnQ>mV A{_Vm^ ~ƒZ `m§Mm S>~b amob Amho. EH$ åhUOo gdm©V _moR>m OwJma~mO Am{U Ë`mZo AmVmn`ªV H$moUVmhr S>md J_mdbobm ZgVmo. Va Xþgam nmo{bg A{YH$mar. Vmo amï´>r` gwajoer g§~§{YV JmonZr` H$mJnXÌm§Mm _mJmda AgVmo. `m {MÌnQ>mV {PZV A_mZ, {ZVy qgh, ào_ Mmoàm, CËnb XÎm, _XZ nwar `mgma»`m _mVã~a H$bmH$mam§Zr H$m_ Ho$bo. eº$s gm_§V `m§À`m {X½Xe©ZmImbr gmH$mabobm {MÌnQ> 6 E{àb 1979 amoOr àX[e©V Pmbm.
{_WyZ MH«$dVu : gwajm (1979): {_WyZ MH«$dVu `m§À`m H$ma{H©$XrÀ`m gwadmVrÀ`m H$mimV gwajm hm {MÌnQ> Ë`m§Zm “bH$s’ R>abm. VËH$m{bZ H$mimV _moR>çm Zm`H$mMo {MÌnQ> nS>V AgVmZm {_WwZXmMm gwajm {MÌnQ> {hQ> Pmbm Am{U Vo ~m°{bdyS>Mo Zdo Zm`H$ åhUyZ àojH$m§g_moa Ambo. `m {MÌnQ>mV {_WwZXmZo JwáMamMr ^y{_H$m Ho$br. hm JwáMa XoemÀ`m eÌyMo H$mañWmZ CKS>H$sg AmUVmo. {_WwZXm~amo~a a§OrVm `m§Zr AmKmS>rMr ^y{_H$m Ho$br Amho. a{dH$m§V ZJmB©M `m§À`m {X½Xe©Zmbr V`ma Pmbobm {MÌnQ> 22 OyZ 1979 amoOr àX{e©V Pmbm.
amOH$nya: JmonrM§X Omgyg (1982) : XmoZ OmgygZ§Va {Z_m©Vo {X½Xe©H$ ZaoeHw$_ma `m§Zr amOH$nya `m§Zm KoD$Z nwÝhm hoa{Jarda JmonrM§X Omgyg ZmdmMm {MÌnQ> H$mT>bm. amOH$nya ho _Ü`_ d`moJQ>mVrb hoa XmIdbo AgyZ Mmoarg Joboë`m {hè`mMm emoY bmdÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar Ë`m§À`mda gmon{dbr OmVo. `m {MÌnQ>mV amOH$nya{edm` {PZV A_mZ, Am`.Eg.Omoha, gwOrV Hw$_ma `m§Mr à_wI ^y{_H$m Amho. hm {MÌnQ> 19 \o$~«wdmar 1982 amoOr àX{e©V Pmbm hmoVm.
gwem§V qgh amOnyV : {S>Q>opŠQ>ìh ì`mo_Ho$e ~jr (2015): hoa{JardaÀ`m {MÌnQ>mMm {df` {ZKVmo Voìhm ì`mo_Ho$e ~jrMo Zmd Amë`m{edm` amhV Zmhr. hr ^y{_H$m eaX|Xþ ~§XmonmÜ`m` `m§Zr C^r Ho$br Am{U Ë`mÀ`mda XÿaXe©Zdra _m{bH$mhr àgm[aV Pmbr Amho. {MÌnQ>mMo H$WmZH$ 1940 À`m XeH$mVrb Amho. VËH$m{bZ H$mimV Xþgao _hm`wÕ ^S>H$bo AgVo Am{U H$mobH$Vm ehamda OnmZÀ`m AmH«$_UmMr ^rVr AgVo. Aem dmVmdaUmV dmdaUmè`m ì`mo_Ho$e ~jrMr ^y{_H$m gwem§V qgh amOnyV `mZo gmH$mabr. {MÌnQ>mMo {X½Xe©Z {X~mH$a ~°ZOu `m§Zr Ho$bo. 3 E{àb 2015 amoOr àX{e©V Pmbobm hm {MÌnQ> âbm°n Pmë`mZo gwem§mV `m§À`m H$[a`abm Y¸$m ~gbm. – gmoZ_ na~