‘ओपनहायमर’ची छाप

_Zmoa§OZmÀ`m joÌm_Ü`o {X½JO _mZë`m OmUmè`m Am°ñH$a nwañH$mam§H$S>o g§nyU© OJmMo cj cmJyZ am{hcoco AgVo. `§XmÀ`m Am°ñH$a gmohù`mV ~m°Šg Am°{\$g JmOdboë`m “AmonZhm`_a’ `m {gZo_mZo ~mOr _mabr Amho. Am°ñH$a_Ü`o `m {gZo_mbm 13 Zm_m§H$Z Omhra Pmbo hmoVo. Ë`mn¡H$s gmV nwañH$mam§da `m {gZo_mZo Amnb§ Zmd H$moab§ Amho. Ë`m_wi§M ^JdX² JrVoMm Aä`mgH$ Vo AUy~m°å~Mm MmhVm AgUmè`m Oo. am°~Q>© AmonoZhm`_a `m§Mr Jmoï> gm§JUmè`m `m {MÌnQ>mV Zo_H§$ H$m` Amho, `m{df`rMr CËgwH$Vm gd©Xÿa {eJocm nmohmoMcr Amho. 3 Vmgm§À`m gr[aAg ~m`mo{nH$ àH$mamV _moS>Umè`m hm°{bdyS>À`m “AmonoZhm`_a’ {gZo_mZo ~m°Šg Am°{\$gda amÁ` H$aV AãOmdYr S>m°baMm J„m O_dbm Amho. AmVm Am°ñH$a nwañH$mamda Amncr N>mn C_Q>dcr Amho.
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Xadfu \o$~«wdmar _{hÝ`m_Ü`o Omhra hmoUmè`m Am°ñH$a nwañH$mam§H$S>o OJ^amVrc H$cmào_tMo Am{U a{gH$ MmhË`m§Mo cj cmJyZ am{hcoco AgVo. “A±S> A°mñH$a JmoO Qy>…’ `mnwT>o `oUmao Zmd EoH$Ê`mgmR>rMr CËH§$R>m {eJocm nmohmoMcocr AgVo. A‘o[aHo$Vrb AH°$S>_r Am°’$ ‘moeZ {nŠMa AmQ²g© A±S> gm`Ýg `m Mb{MÌ AH$mX‘r‘m’©$V {MÌnQ> joÌmV CËH¥$ï> H$m‘{Jar H$aUmè`m§Zm Jm¡adÊ`mgmR>r ho nwañH$ma Xadfu {Xbo OmVmV. ‘oQ´mo-JmopëS>Z-‘o`a ñQw>{S>AmoMo bwB©g ~r. ‘o`a `m§Zr `m AH$mX‘rMr ñWmnZm Ho$br, VgoM Am°ñH$a nwañH$mam§Mrhr gwédmV Ho$br. n{hbm Am°ñH$a nwañH$ma gmohim 16 ‘o 1929 amoOr hm°{bdwS> éPdoëQ> hm°Q>ob‘Ü`o A§XmOo 270 OUm§À`m CnpñWVrV Pmbm. `m gmohù`mbm nmM S>m°ba {V{H$Q>mMm Xa hmoVm. 1953 ‘Ü`o Am°ñH$a gmohim àW‘M Q>rìhrÀ`m ‘mÜ`‘mVyZ A‘o[aHo$Mr g§`wº$ g§ñWmZo Am{U H°$ZS>mn`ªV XmIdbm Jobm. 1969 nmgyZ Am°ñH$a gmohim OJ^a àjo{nV Ho$bm OmD$ bmJbm. gÜ`m hm gmohim 200 nojm A{YH$ XoemV nmhVm `oVmo. n{hë`m gmohù`mV Am°ñH$a {dOoË`m§Mr Zmdo gmohù`mÀ`m VrZ ‘{hZo AmYrM Omhra Ho$br Jobr hmoVr. ‘mÌ, nwT>rb dfm©nmgyZ {dOoË`m§Mr Zmdo nwañH$ma gmohù`mn`ªV Jwá R>odÊ`mV `oD$ bmJbr. gmohù`mÀ`m AmYrM {dOoË`m§Mr `mXr dV©‘mZnÌm§H$So> nmR>dbr Om`Mr Am{U gmohù`mÀ`m {Xder amÌr 11 dmOVm Vr dV©‘mZnÌm§Zr à{gÕ H$am`Mr, Ago R>adÊ`mV Ambo. hr nÕV B.g. 1940 n`ªV nmibr Jobr. na§Vw bm°g E§Oo{bg Q>mBågZo Am°ñH$a {dOoË`m§Mr `mXr gm`§H$mirM à{gÕ Ho$br. Ë`m‘wio gmohù`mbm CnpñWV amhUmè`m gdmªZm Vr ghO CnbãY Pmbr. `m_wio nÕV ~XbUo ^mJ Pmbo. B.g 1941 nmgyZ ~§X nm{H$Q>mV {dOoË`m§Mr Zmdo XoÊ`mMr nÕV gwê$ Pmbr.n{hë`m gmohù`mV 15 Am°ñH$a nwañH$ma {Xbo Jobo hmoVo. gdmoËH¥©$ï> A{^ZoË`mMo n{hbo Am°ñH$a E{‘b O°qZ½O `m§Zm, Va gdmoËH¥©$ï> A{^ZoÌrMo n{hbo Am°ñH$a OoZoQ> JoZa `m§Zm {‘imbo {Xbo Jobo hmoVo.

Am°ñH$aMm B{Vhmg hm CËgmhOZH$, dmXJ«ñV Am{U {VVH$mM _Zmoa§OH$ am{hcocm Amho. VWm{n, AmOhr `m nwañH$mam§Mo _hÎd H$_r Pmcoco Zmhr`o. `§XmÀ`m 96 ì`m Am°ñH$a nwañH$ma gmohù`m_Ü`o “AmonZhm`_a’ `m {MÌnQ>mMm gdm©{YH$ X~X~m nmhm`cm {_imcm. VrZ Vmgm§À`m gr[aAg ~m`mo{nH$ àH$mamV _moS>Umè`m `m hm°{bdySnQ>mZo AmYr ~m°Šg Am°{\$gda amÁ` H$aV AãOmdYr S>m°baMm J„m O_dbm Am{U AmVm Vã~c gmV Am°ñH$a nwañH$mam§dahr `m {gZo_mZo Amnb§ Zmd H$moab§ Amho. gdm}ËH¥$ï> {gZo_m, gdm}ËH¥$ï> {X½Xe©Z Am{U gdm}ËH¥$ï> A{^ZoË`mMr ~{jg§ “AmonoZhm`_a’ Zo nQ>H$mdbr AmhoV. {¼ñQ>mo\$a ZmocZ `m OmJ{VH$ {H$VuÀ`m {X½Xe©H$mcm n{hë`m§XmM Am°ñH$aMr ~mhþcr àXmZ H$aÊ`mV Amcr. `m {MÌnQ>mVrc A{^ZoVm {H${c`mZ _\$s© `mcm gdm}ËH¥$ï> A{^ZoË`mMm nwañH$ma XoÊ`mV Amcm. hm°crdyS>_Ü`o hm {MÌnQ> gwnaSw>na {hQ> R>abm Amho. àojH$m§Zr XoIrb `m {MÌnQ>mbm _mìh©b _yìhrnojm A{YH$ ng§Vr {Xbr Amho. hm {X½Xe©H$ ZmobZ `m§Mm {Vgam {hQ> {MÌnQ> Amho. Ë`mAJmoXa Ë`mMm ~°Q>_Z _m{bHo$Vrb Xþgam Am{U {Vgam {MÌnQ> ãbm°H$ãbñQ>a am{hbm Amho. àojH$m§Zm {IidyZ R>odUmam “AmonZhm`_a’ hm {MÌnQ> ^maXñV g§dmX, CËH¥$ï> {X½Xe©Z, H$cmH$mam§Mo H$gXma A{^Z` Am{U {VVŠ`mM VmH$XrMo gmXarH$aU `m Mmahr H$gmoQ>çm§da n[anyU© R>aë`m_wio àojH$m§~amo~aM Am°ñH$a Á`watÀ`mhr ng§Vrg CVacm. `m {MÌnQ>mV A°ŠeZ Ñí`o \$maer ZmhrV. Varhr àojH$m§Zm {MÌnQ>mVrb EH$hr {gZ H§$Q>midmUm dmQ>V Zmhr.
hm {MÌnQ> _hmZ ^m¡{VH$emók Oo. am°~Q>© AmonZhm`_a `m§À`m OrdZmda AmYm[aV Amho. hm`_a `m§Zr OJmVrb n{hë`m AUw~m°å~Mm emoY bmdbm. hmM AUw~m°å~ OnmZÀ`m {hamo{e_m Am{U ZmJmgmH$sda Q>mH$Ê`mV Ambm hmoVm. `m _hm{dZmeH$mar hëë`mZ§Va Xþgè`m _hm`wÕmMm eodQ> Pmbm. hm {MÌnQ> emók AmonoZhm`_a `m§À`m H$m`m©Vrb Z¡{VH$ ~mOyda àH$me Q>mH$Umam Amho.
Á`w{b`g am°~Q>© AmonoZhm`_a `m§Mm OÝ_ 22 E{àb 1904 amoOr Ý`y`m°H©$ ehamVrb EH$m Á`y Hw$Qw>§~mV Pmbm. O_©Z ñWbm§V[aV AgUmao Ë`m§Mo d{S>b H$nS>çm§Mo ì`mdgm{`H$ hmoVo. AmB© Ebm {\«$S>_Z hr {MÌH$ma hmoVr. 1942 _Ü`o Ý`y _°pŠgH$moVrb bm°g Abm_mog `oWrb EH$m eómó à`moJemioV g§MmcH$ åhUyZ am°~Q>© `m§Mr {Z`wº$s Pmbr. `m à`moJemiobm EH$m AUw~m°å~Mr {Z{_©Vr H$am`Mr hmoVr. Ë`mMo H$moS >Zo_ “_°Zh°Q>Z àmoOoŠQ>’ Ago hmoVo. `m àH$ënmgmR>r A_o[aHo$Vrb AZoH$ {R>H$mUr JwánUo à`moJemim gwê$ H$aÊ`mV Amë`m hmoË`m. bm°g Abm_mog_Ü`o AmonoZhm`_a `m§Zr {\${OŠg_Yrb AZoH$ {X½JO emókm§Zm EH$Ì AmUco hmoVo. AS>rM dfmªÀ`m H$R>moa _ohZVrZ§Va Ë`m§Zm `m_Ü`o `e Amco. 1945 _Ü`o A_o[aH$m gaH$maZo `m emókm§Zm `wao{Z`_ ~m°å~ Am{U ßbwQ>mo{Z`_ ~m°å~ ~ZdÊ`mMo AmXoe {Xbo hmoVo. 16 Owb¡bm Ë`m§Zr ßbwQ>mo{Z`_ ~m°å~Mr n{hbr MmMUr Ho$br. Om°Z S>moZoÀ`m H${dVoda AmYm[aV Ë`m§Zr `m MmMUrbm “{Q´>{ZQ>r Q>oñQ>’ Ag§ Zmd {Xb§. bm°g Abm_mognmgyZ 210 _¡b X{jUobm Agboë`m “OZu Am°\$ So>W’ ZmdmÀ`m {R>H$mUmMr `m MmMUrgmR>r {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. nhmQ>o gmSo>nmMbm MmMUr `eñdr Pmbr Am{U AUw`wJmMr Zm§Xr Pmbr. `mZ§Va VrZ AmR>dS>çm§_Ü`o 6 Am°JñQ> 1945 bm `m ~m°å~Zo OnmZMo {hamo{e_m ho eha CÕ²dñV Ho$b§. Ë`mZ§Va VrZ {Xdgm§Zr 9 Am°JñQ>bm ZmJmgmH$sMm g§hma Pmcm. `m XmoZ ñ\$moQ>m§_Ü`o {H$_mZ XmoZ bmI bmoH$m§Zr Amnbm Ord J_mdbm.
Ago gm§{JVco OmVo H$s, AmonoZhm`_a ñdV…hr Amnë`m H$m_m_wio Pmboë`m `m {dÜd§gmZo W¸$ Pmbo. AUwMmMUrZ§Va Ë`m {Z`§ÌU H$jmV AgVmZm “_r OJ CÕ²dñV H$aUmam _¥Ë`y Amho’ hr ^JdmZ lrH¥$îUm§Zr {dœê$nm~Ôb åhQ>bobr JrVoVrb Amoi AmonoZhm`_a `m§Zm AmR>dbr. Ë`m_wio Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV Ë`m§Zr hm`S´>moOZ ~m°å~À`m {Z{_©Vrbm H$S>mSy>Z {damoY Ho$bm. ZmoH$ar gmoS>ë`mZ§Va OJ^amVrb {dkmZmer g§~§{YV g§ñWm§_Ü`o ì`m»`mZ§ XoÊ`mgmR>r àdmg Ho$bm. 1930 À`m gwédmVrbm AmonoZhm`_a g§ñH¥$V {eH$bo hmoVo. JrVm Am{U H$m{bXmgmÀ`m _oKXþVM§ Ë`m§Zr dmMZ Ho$b§ hmoV§. Vo JrVoMo àe§gH$ hmoVo.
IJmobemók Zrb S>rJ«og Q>m`gZ Am{U {WamoQ>m°{H$b emñÌk ~«m`Z J«rZ `m§Zr A{bH$S>oM g_mO_mÜ`_mVrc EH$m dm{hZrda `m {MÌnQ>m~m~V MMm© Ho$br Amho. `mV Ë`m§Zr H$mhr _wÔo _m§S>bo. Ë`m_Ü`o {Q´>{ZQ>r Q>oñQ>_wio n¥Ïdrdarc Ordg¥ï>rM Zï> hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm ì`ŠV H$aÊ`mV Amcr AgyZ “AmonZhm`_a’_Ü`o `mM eŠ`VoH$S>o bj doYÊ`mV Ambo Amho. `mV EH$ Ñí` AgyZ A{^ZoVm _°Q> S>°_Z hm AmonoZhm`_aer `mM _wÚmda ~mobVmZm {XgVmo. `m n«g§JmV AmonZhm`_a ho `mM eŠ`Vo~m~V ~mobVmZm {XgVmV. AmonZhmo`_aMo nmÌ {g{b`Z _\$s©Zo gmH$mabo Amho. gdm}ËH¥$ï> A{^ZoË`mMm Am°ñH$a nwañH$ma qOH$Umam {g{b`Z hm n{hbm Am`[ae A{^ZoVm Amho.
AmonoZhm`_a {MÌnQ>mV am°~Q>© S>mCZr (Á`y{ZAa), Om°e hQ>©ZoQ>, S>opìhg H«$_hmoëQ²>g, âbmoaoÝg nwK, E{_br ãb§Q> `m§À`mgh AÝ` H$bmH$mam§Mm g_mdoe Amho. `m ~hþM{M©V {MÌnQ>mZo AmVmn`ªV 960 Xebj S>m°baMr H$_mB© Ho$br Amho. `m {MÌnQ>mMo AZoH$Xm àXe©Z Pmbo Amho. AmVmhr Am°ñH$a {_imë`mZ§Va nwÝhm Vmo PiH$Ê`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. `mdê$Z Ë`mÀ`m bmoH${à`VoMm A§XmO ~m§YVm `oB©b. hm {MÌnQ> 1 AãO S>m°ba CËnÞmMm AmH$S>m JmR>ob, Ago A§XmO ì`ŠV hmoV AmhoV.
`§XmÀ`m nwañH$ma gmohù`m_Ü`o _hmamï´>mVrc Á`oð> H$cm{X½Xe©H$ {Xd§JV {ZVrZ XogmB© `m§Zm lÕm§Ocr dmhÊ`mV Amcr. AWm©V, gmcm~mXà_mUo “^maVr` {MÌnQ>mbm Am°ñH$a H$Yr {_iUma,’ hm àíZ `mdoirhr AZwÎm[aV am{hbm. `§XmÀ`m nwañH$mam§gmR>r ^maVmÀ`m “Qy> {H$b A Q>m`Ja’ `m _m{hVrnQ>mbm Zm_m§H$Z {_imb§ {_imco hmoVo. `m _m{hVrnQ>mH$Sy>Z ^maVr`m§À`m Iyn Anojm hmoË`m. Q>moam§Q>mo Am§Vaamï´>r` {MÌnQ> _hmoËgdmV `m _m{hVrnQ>mMm àr{_`a Pmbm hmoVm. Ë`mdoir `m _m{hVrnQ>mbm gdm}ËH¥$ï> H°$Zo{S>`Z {\$ë_ loUrV “Epåßb\$mB© ìhm°B©gog’ nwañH$ma {_imbm hmoVm. 13 dfu` _wbrMo AnhaU Am{U {VÀ`mdarb b¢{JH$ AË`mMmamÀ`m àH$aUmV Ý`m` {_idyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r aUOrV ZmdmÀ`m ì`º$sZo Ho$boë`m IS>Va g§Kfm©Mo {MÌU `m _m{hVrnQ>mV H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho. `m _m{hVrnQ>mMr {Z{_©Vr H$m°Z}{b`m {àpÝgn Am{U So>pìhS> AmonoZhmB_ `m§Zr Ho$br AmhonU Am°ñH$a Z {_imë`mZo nwÝhm EH$Xm ^maVr`m§Mo ñdßZ ^§Jbo Amho. – _mZd|Ð CnmÜ`m`, H$cmg_rjH$