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^maVr` OZ_mZg lrH¥$îUmMo CnmgH$ Amho. ^JdX²JrVoVyZ _Zwî`àmÊ`mcm H$_m©Mm {gÕm§V gm§JUmè`m ^JdmZ lrH¥$îUmÀ`m OrdZm{df`r {Z_m©Vo-{X½Xe©H$m§Zm Zoh_rM Hw$Vwhc am{hco Amho. _hm^maV, H¥$îUm `m§gma»`m _m{cH$m§Zm {_imcocr A\$mQ> cmoH${à`Vm ho cmoH$m§_Yrc H¥$îUào_mMr à{MVr XoUmao Amho. énoar nS>Úmdahr lrH¥$îUmÀ`m ì`pŠVaoIm§Mo Xe©Z AZoH$Xm KS>co. amYm-H¥$îUmVrc {Z_©i ào_mZo Am{U JrVm§Zr AZoH$ {MÌnQ> gOcoco {XgVmV. `mVrc Xhrh§S>rdarc JrVm§Zm Agcocr cmoH${à`Vm AmOhr H$m`_ Amho.
N>moQ>çm nS>Úmda _hm^maV Am{U H¥$îUm `m§gma»`m _m{cH$m§_YyZ ^JdmZ lrH¥$îUmMo `WmW© Xe©Z g_ñV ^maVr`m§Zm KS>co. {ZVre ^maÛmO, ñdßZrc Omoer `m§gma»`m _amR>_moù`m A{^ZoË`m§Zr Am{U gd©X_Z S>r. ~°ZOu `m§Zr H¥$îUmMr ì`pŠVaoIm AOam_a Ho$cr. Ë`mH$mimV Vo BVHo$ cmoH${à` Pmco hmoVo H$s cmoH$ Ë`m§Zm H¥$îU _mZyZ Z_ñH$ma H$am`Mo. ^maVr` {MÌnQ>m§Vrb Zm`H$m§Mr ^y{_H$m H$miOrnyd©H$ nm{hbr Va ~è`mM A§er Ë`m§Mo nmÌ ^JdmZ lrH¥$îUmer {_iVo OwiVo AgVo. H¥$îUmà_mUoM ~m°{bdyS>Mo Zm`H$ AÝ`m`m{damoYmV bT>VmV, Xþ~©b, hV~b bmoH$m§Zm _XV H$aVmV Am{U eÌy§Zm {ejm XoVmV. _yH$nQ> Vo {S>{OQ>b V§Ìmn`ªVÀ`m ~m°{bdyS>À`m dmQ>MmbrV lrH¥$îU à{V_oMr N>mn H$moUË`m Zm H$moUË`m ê$nmVyZ am{hbr Amho. _J JrV Agmo, nm¡am{UH$ H$Wm Agmo qH$dm AmYw{ZH$ H$mimVrb “{H«$e’ Agmo. dmñV{dH$ lrH¥$îUmda AmYm[aV {MÌnQ>m§Mr gwadmV XmXmgmho~ \$miHo$ `m§À`m H$mimnmgyZ gwê$ Pmbr. XmXmgmho~ \$miHo$ `m§Zr {MÌnQ>m§{df`r bmoH$m§V bmoH${à`Vm {Z_m©U ìhmdr `mgmR>r gwadmVrÀ`m H$mimV nm¡am{UH$ {df` {ZdS>bo. ^JdmZ lrH¥$îU `m§Mo Am`wî` Ag§»` MT>CVmam§Zr am{hbo Amho. åhUyZM \$miHo$ `m§À`m {MÌnQ> H$ma{H©$XrMr gwadmV ~W© Am°\$ lrH¥$îUm (1918) Am{U H$m{b`m _X©Z (1919) Zo Pmbr. `m {MÌnQ>mV Ë`m§Zr lrH¥$îUmMm OrdZnQ> àojH$m§g_moa _m§S>bm.AZoH$ _yH$nQ>m§da lrH¥$îUmMo OrdZ à^mdr am{hbo. lrH¥$îUmbm H|$ÐñWmZr R>odyZ {Z_m©Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ {M{nQ>mMr {Z{_©Vr Ho$br. H¥$îU AOw©Z `wÕ (1934), H¥$îU gwXm_m (1947), H¥$îU épŠ_Ur (1949) nmgyZ H¥$îUm§da AmYm[aV {MÌnQ>m§Mr _m{bH$m gwê$ Pmbr Vr 2006 n`ªV “H¥$îUm'{MÌnQ>m§n`ªV H$m`_ am{hbr. {H$gZm Am{U {H«$e `mgmaIo {MÌnQ>hr H¥$îUmÀ`mM Zmdmda V`ma Ho$bo. H$mhr A°{Z_oeZ _yìhr XoIrb Amë`m. `mà_mUo {\$ë_r JmÊ`mV lrH¥$îUmMo à{Vq~~ AZoH$ dfmªn`ªV EoHy$ `oV hmoVo. AZoH$ {MÌnQ>mV lrH¥$îUmda AmYm{aV H$WmZH$ Am{U ^OZmMr aMZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Voìhm {MÌnQ>mMo Zm`H$ AmXe© Agm`Mo. {MÌnQ> H$m¡Qw>§~rH$ Agm`Mo. Xe©H$mV lÕm Am{U AmñWmgmaIo JwU Agm`Mo. Ë`m_wio {Z_m©Ë`m§Zm lrH¥$îUmda AmYm[aV JrV aMZmgmR>r àoaUm {_im`Mr. “_moho nZKQ>da Z§Xbmb N>oS> J`mo ao’ (_wJb E AmP_), OmJmo _mohZ ß`mao (OmJVo ahmo), í`m_ Voar ~Ýgr nwH$mao amYm Zm_m (JrV JmVm Mb), _Yw~Z _o am{YH$m ZmMo ao (H$mo{hZya), EH$ amYm EH$ _ram (am_ Voar J§Jm _¡br) `mgmaIo JrO AmOhr Jm`bo OmVmV Am{U {VVŠ`mM VÝ_`VoZo EoH$bo OmVmV.AbrH$S>À`m H$mimVhr H¥$îU Am{U amYm `m§Mo ào_ ì`º$ H$aUmè`m JrVm§Mr aMZm Pmbr. Xhrh§S>rÀ`m H$m`©H«$_mV `mn¡H$s H$mhr JrV dmOdbo OmVmV Am{U JmoqdXm nWH$mV EH$M O„mof g§MmaVmo.
amYm H¡$go Z Obo (bJmZ): bJmZ {MÌnQ>mVrb “amYm H¡$go Z Obo’ `m JrVmVyZ H¥$îU ^JdmZ `m§Mr amg{bbm A{Ve` H$m¡eë`VoZo gmXa Ho$br Amho. H¥$îU Pmbobm Am_raImZ Am{U amYm Pmbobr J«ogr qgh `m§Zr EH$Ì Z¥Ë` Ho$bo. Amem ^mogbo `m§Zr gw_Ywa AmdmOmZo amYmmÀ`m _ZmVrb ^mdZm _m§S>ë`m. C{XV Zmam`U `m§Mm em§V AmdmO hm ^JdmZ lrH¥$îUVoÀ`m erVbVoMr à{MVr XoVmo.
H$mÝhm gmo Om Oam (~mhþ~br-2) : ãbm°H$~ñQ>a ~mhþ~br 2 Mo JmUo “H$mÝhm gmo Om Oam’ ho JrV lrH¥$îUmbm Pmon `oÊ`mgmR>r A§JmB© JrVmÀ`m énmZo gmXa Ho$bo. Jm{`H$m _YwlrZo JmoS> AmdmOmV JmUo åhQ>bo Amho. JmÊ`mV AZwîH$m eoÅ>r Am{U gwnañQ>ma à^mg {XgVmoo.
_¡æ`m `emoXm (h_ gmW gmW h¡) : 1999 Mm gwna{hQ> {MÌnQ> “h_ gmW gmW h¡’ Mo JmUo _¡æ`m `emoXm ho JrV ^JdmZ lrH¥$îU `mÀ`m ZQ>IQ> Am{U M§Mb ñd^mdmVyZ ào[aV Amho. H$[aí_m H$nya, gmoZmbr ~|Ðo, Vã~yZo A{Ve` Mm§Jë`m Am{U nma§n[aH$ [aVrZo ^JdmZ lrH¥$îU `m§À`m H$Wm gm§JV JrV gmXa Ho$bo Amho. ho JrV AbH$m `m{kH$Zo åhQ>bo Amho.
_moho a§J Xmo bmb (~mOramd _ñVmZr): “_moho a§J Xmo bmb’ ho ^JdmZ lrH¥$îU `m§À`m àVr ào_mMo ^md ì`º$ H$aUmao JrV Amho. `m JmÊ`mV Xr{nH$m nXÿH$moZZo n§{S>V {~aOy _hmamO `m§À`mH$Sy>Z H$WH$mMo YS>o KoVbo. _§Ì_w½Y H$aUmao emór` JrV lo`m Kmofmb Am{U n§{S>V {~aOy _hmamO `m§Zr Jm`bo.
amYm (ñQw>S>§Q> Am°\$ X B`a): amYm ho EH$ Xoer R>oŠ`mVrb bmoH${à` JrV Amho. `mV Am{b`m ^Å>Zo EH$m Zì`m {nT>rZwgma amYm hmodyZ Z¥Ë` Ho$bo. hm S>mpÝg¨J Q´>°H$ lo`m Kmofmb Am{U C{XV Zmam`U `m§Zr åhQ>bm Amho.
dmo {H$gZm h¡ ({H$gZm : Xa dm°[a`a nmoEQ)¡: “dmo {H$gZm h¡’, ho IynM bmoH${à` JrV Amho. `mg gwIqdXa qgJ, Eg. e¡bOm, Bñ_mB©b Xa~ma Am{U Am`oem Xa~ma `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. `m JmÊ`mV {ddoH$ Amo~oam°` Am{U Bema eoadmZr {XgVmV. J«m_rU nmíd©^y_r bjmV KoVm JrVmMr aMZm Ho$br Amho.
amYo amYo ({S´>_ Jb©): Am`wî_mZ IwamZm hm Zoh_rM doJù`m ^y{_Ho$gmR>r AmoiIbm OmVmo. {S´>_ Jb© XoIrb AemM àH$maMm {MÌnQ> Amho. `m {MÌnQ>mVrb JrV “amYo amYo’ ho ^JdmZ lrH¥$îUmMo amYmàVr ào_ ì`º$ H$aVo. `m JmÊ`mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Am`wî_mZ IwamUm hm H¥$îU ^º$sV ÝhmdyZ {ZKVmo. _rV ~«mo Am{U A{_V Jwám `m§Mm JmÊ`mbm AmdmO Amho.
^moa ^`mo nZKQ> na (gË`_ {ed_ gw§Xa_): ^moa ^`o nZKQ> na ho JrV JmZH$mo{H$im bVm _§JoeH$a `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. ^JdmZ lrH¥$îU `m§Mm ZQ>IQ>nUm JmÊ`mVyZ ì`º$ hmoVmo. lrH¥$îUmÀ`m ImoS>çmV X§J Pmbobr PrZV A_mZZo ho JrV ^mdnyU© [aVrZo gmXa Ho$bo Amho
~S>m ZQ>IQ> h¡ ao H¥$îU H$Ýh¡`m (A_a ào_): 1972 _Ü`o àX{e©V ãbm°H$~ñQ>a {MÌnQ> “A_aào_’Mo JrV “~S>m ZQ>IQ> h¡ ao H¥$îU H$Ýh¡`m’ ho JrV AmOhr AmdS>rZo åhQ>bo OmVo. ho JrV bVmOr§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. JmÊ`mV `emoXm Pmbobr e{_©bm Q>mJmoa Am{U ~mb Jmonmb Pmbobo _mñQ>a ~m°~r `m§Zr AmB© _wbmMo ào_ A{Ve` g_n©H$[aË`m gmXa Ho$bo Amho.
_M J`m emoa (IwÔma): IwÔma {MÌnQ>mVrb JrV “_M J`m emoa ho’ JrV bmoH${à` Amho. ho JrV Xhrh§S>rÀ`m H$m`©H«$_mV h_Img dmOdbo OmVo. H¥$îUmÀ`m ImoS>çm§Zr ì`mnbobo ho JrV {H$emoa Hw$_ma Am{U bVm _§JoeH$a `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. `m JmÊ`mV A{_Vm^ ~ƒZ Am{U nadrZ ~m°~r {XgVmV.
Mm§Xr Ho$ S>mb na gmoZo H$m _moa ( h°bmo ~«Xa) : h°bmo ~«XaMo ho “Mm§Xr Ho$ S>mb na gmoZo H$m _moa’ ho JrV AmOhr Xhrh§S>rÀ`m H$m`©H«$_mV dmOdbo OmVo. àË`jmV `m JrVmbm Xhrh§S>rVM XmIdbo Amho. gb_mZ ImZ Am{U amUr _wIOu `m§À`m A{^Z`mVyZ JmoqdXmMm CËgmh {XgVmo.
Jmo Jmo JmoqdXm (Amo _m` Jm°S>) : à^y Xodm Am{U gmoZmjr {gÝhm `m§Zr `m JmÊ`mV Ho$boë`m Z¥Ë`mZo JmoqdXm nWH$mMm AmZ§X {ÛJw{UV Pmbm Zgob Va ZdbM. ~m°{bdyS>À`m Zm{`H$m§H$Sy>Z Xhrh§S>r \$moS>Ê`mMr na§nam Zmhr. na§Vw “Amoh _m` Jm°S>’Zo ZdrZ na§nam {Z_m©U Ho$br. JmÊ`mV eodQ>r gmoZmjr {gÝhm _Q>Ho$ \$moS>Vo.
AmOH$mb nm¡am{UH$ {MÌnQ>m§Mr Am{U JrVmMr \$maer {Z{_©Vr hmoV Zmhr. AmO Oa Aem àH$maMr JmUr cmJë`mg àojH$ nm°n©H$m°Z© ImÊ`mg ~mhoa {ZKyZ OmVmV. “H¥$îUm’XoIrb {MÌnQ>mVyZ H$Yr H$Yr Xe©Z XoVmo, na§Vw Vmo “{H«$e’ à_mUo hm`Q>oH$ AgVmo.
– gmoZ_ na~

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